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Tuesday, February 26, 2008
Saturday, February 23, 2008
Zethiopia Club Meeting
We are already planning our next Zethiopia Club meeting.
Thank you for all of the positive feedback that you have provided regarding our last meeting and presentation by Dr. Brook Lakew.
E-mail Dereje (dereje@zethiopia.com) to be added to the invitation list. You don't want to miss it!
Thank you for all of the positive feedback that you have provided regarding our last meeting and presentation by Dr. Brook Lakew.
E-mail Dereje (dereje@zethiopia.com) to be added to the invitation list. You don't want to miss it!
Subscirbe to Zethiopia Newspaper Today!
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Tuesday, February 19, 2008
Glossary of Terms - Global Warming
Glossary of Global Warming Terms
Global warming is an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns. Global warming can occur from a variety of causes, both natural and human induced. In common usage, "global warming" often refers to the warming that can occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities.
Global warming is an increase in the near surface temperature of the Earth. Global warming has occurred in the distant past as the result of natural influences, but the term is most often used to refer to the warming predicted to occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases. Scientists generally agree that the Earth's surface has warmed by about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past 140 years. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently concluded that increased concentrations of greenhouse gases are causing an increase in the Earth's surface temperature and that increased concentrations of sulfate aerosols have led to relative cooling in some regions, generally over and downwind of heavily industrialized areas. Also see Climate Change and Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
Greenhouse gas is any gas that absorbs infrared radiation in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases include, but are not limited to, water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ozone (O3 ), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6
Greenhouse gases are transparent to certain wavelengths of the sun's radiant energy, allowing them to penetrate deep into the atmosphere or all the way into the Earth's surface. Greenhouse gases and clouds prevent some of infrared radiation from escaping, trapping the heat near the Earth's surface where it warms the lower atmosphere. Alteration of this natural barrier of atmospheric gases can raise or lower the mean global temperature of the Earth. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and water vapor. Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have significant natural and human sources while only industries produce chlorofluorocarbons. Water vapor has the largest greenhouse effect, but its concentration in the troposphere is determined within the climate system. Water vapor will increase in response to global warming, which in turn may further enhance global warming.
Infrared Radiation
Radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, the atmosphere and the clouds. It is also known as terrestrial or long-wave radiation. Infrared radiation has a distinctive range of wavelengths ("spectrum") longer than the wavelength of the red color in the visible part of the spectrum. The spectrum of infrared radiation is practically distinct from that of solar or short-wave radiation because of the difference in temperature between the Sun and the Earth-atmosphere system
• Infrared is electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength spans the region from about 0.7 to 1000 micrometers (longer than visible radiation, shorter than microwave radiation). Remote sensing instruments work by sensing radiation that is naturally emitted or reflected by the Earth's surface or from the atmosphere, or by sensing signals transmitted from a satellite and reflected back to it. In the visible and near-infrared regions, surface chemical composition, vegetation cover, and biological properties of surface matter can be measured. In the mid-infrared region, geological formations can be detected due to the absorption properties related to the structure of silicates. In the far infrared, emissions from the Earth's atmosphere and surface offer information about atmospheric and surface temperatures and water vapor and other trace constituents in the atmosphere. Since IR data are based on temperatures rather than visible radiation, the data may be obtained day or night.
Climate Change
Climate change refers to any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). Climate change may result from:
• natural factors, such as changes in the sun's intensity or slow changes in the
• Earth's orbit around the sun;
• natural processes within the climate system (e.g. changes in ocean circulation);
• Human activities that change the atmosphere's composition (e.g. through burning fossil fuels) and the land surface (e.g. deforestation, reforestation, urbanization, desertification, etc.)
The term 'climate change' is sometimes used to refer to all forms of climatic inconsistency, but because the Earth's climate is never static, the term is more properly used to imply a significant change from one climatic condition to another. In some cases, 'climate change' has been used synonymously with the term, 'global warming'; scientists however, tend to use the term in the wider sense to also include natural changes in climate.
Natural Gas – What is it?
Underground deposits of gases consisting of 50 to 90 percent methane (CH4) and small amounts of heavier gaseous hydrocarbon compounds such as propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10).
Methane (CH4)
A hydrocarbon that is a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential most recently estimated at 23 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2). Methane is produced through anaerobic (without oxygen) decomposition of waste in landfills, animal digestion, decomposition of animal wastes, production and distribution of natural gas and petroleum, coal production, and incomplete fossil fuel combustion. The GWP is from the IPCC's Third Assessment Report (TAR).
Emissions
Emissions is the release of a substance (usually a gas when referring to the subject of climate change) into the atmosphere.
Global warming is an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns. Global warming can occur from a variety of causes, both natural and human induced. In common usage, "global warming" often refers to the warming that can occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities.
Global warming is an increase in the near surface temperature of the Earth. Global warming has occurred in the distant past as the result of natural influences, but the term is most often used to refer to the warming predicted to occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases. Scientists generally agree that the Earth's surface has warmed by about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past 140 years. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently concluded that increased concentrations of greenhouse gases are causing an increase in the Earth's surface temperature and that increased concentrations of sulfate aerosols have led to relative cooling in some regions, generally over and downwind of heavily industrialized areas. Also see Climate Change and Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
Greenhouse gas is any gas that absorbs infrared radiation in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases include, but are not limited to, water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ozone (O3 ), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6
Greenhouse gases are transparent to certain wavelengths of the sun's radiant energy, allowing them to penetrate deep into the atmosphere or all the way into the Earth's surface. Greenhouse gases and clouds prevent some of infrared radiation from escaping, trapping the heat near the Earth's surface where it warms the lower atmosphere. Alteration of this natural barrier of atmospheric gases can raise or lower the mean global temperature of the Earth. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and water vapor. Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have significant natural and human sources while only industries produce chlorofluorocarbons. Water vapor has the largest greenhouse effect, but its concentration in the troposphere is determined within the climate system. Water vapor will increase in response to global warming, which in turn may further enhance global warming.
Infrared Radiation
Radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, the atmosphere and the clouds. It is also known as terrestrial or long-wave radiation. Infrared radiation has a distinctive range of wavelengths ("spectrum") longer than the wavelength of the red color in the visible part of the spectrum. The spectrum of infrared radiation is practically distinct from that of solar or short-wave radiation because of the difference in temperature between the Sun and the Earth-atmosphere system
• Infrared is electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength spans the region from about 0.7 to 1000 micrometers (longer than visible radiation, shorter than microwave radiation). Remote sensing instruments work by sensing radiation that is naturally emitted or reflected by the Earth's surface or from the atmosphere, or by sensing signals transmitted from a satellite and reflected back to it. In the visible and near-infrared regions, surface chemical composition, vegetation cover, and biological properties of surface matter can be measured. In the mid-infrared region, geological formations can be detected due to the absorption properties related to the structure of silicates. In the far infrared, emissions from the Earth's atmosphere and surface offer information about atmospheric and surface temperatures and water vapor and other trace constituents in the atmosphere. Since IR data are based on temperatures rather than visible radiation, the data may be obtained day or night.
Climate Change
Climate change refers to any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). Climate change may result from:
• natural factors, such as changes in the sun's intensity or slow changes in the
• Earth's orbit around the sun;
• natural processes within the climate system (e.g. changes in ocean circulation);
• Human activities that change the atmosphere's composition (e.g. through burning fossil fuels) and the land surface (e.g. deforestation, reforestation, urbanization, desertification, etc.)
The term 'climate change' is sometimes used to refer to all forms of climatic inconsistency, but because the Earth's climate is never static, the term is more properly used to imply a significant change from one climatic condition to another. In some cases, 'climate change' has been used synonymously with the term, 'global warming'; scientists however, tend to use the term in the wider sense to also include natural changes in climate.
Natural Gas – What is it?
Underground deposits of gases consisting of 50 to 90 percent methane (CH4) and small amounts of heavier gaseous hydrocarbon compounds such as propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10).
Methane (CH4)
A hydrocarbon that is a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential most recently estimated at 23 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2). Methane is produced through anaerobic (without oxygen) decomposition of waste in landfills, animal digestion, decomposition of animal wastes, production and distribution of natural gas and petroleum, coal production, and incomplete fossil fuel combustion. The GWP is from the IPCC's Third Assessment Report (TAR).
Emissions
Emissions is the release of a substance (usually a gas when referring to the subject of climate change) into the atmosphere.
Friday, February 15, 2008
Zethiopia Club Meeting Agenda - February 17. 2008
Zethiopia Club
Agenda – February 17, 2008
Ibex Restaurant – Skyline Shopping Center
3813 E & F South George Mason Drive
Falls Church, Virginia 22041
Discussion Topic - Global Warming and Ethiopia
Key Note speaker: Dr. Brook Lakew
3:30 - 4:00 Registration and Welcome
4:00 – 4:15 Introduction to Zethiopia Club
- Oobjectives
- Goals
4:15- 4:30 Solomon Worku – Radio Host Zethiopia 1390 AM
- Future Programs
- Information Exchange
- Radio Opportunities
4:30 – 4:40 – Introduction of Dr. Brook Lakew
4:40 – 5:30 Dr. Brook Lakew
- Global Warming and Ethiopia – Big Challenges, Big Opportunities!
5:30 – 6:15 Questions for Dr. Lakew and Interactive Discussion
6:15 – 6:30 Announcements of Upcoming Club
Meetings and Events
6:30 – 6:45 Review of Membership Benefits and Conclusion
Agenda – February 17, 2008
Ibex Restaurant – Skyline Shopping Center
3813 E & F South George Mason Drive
Falls Church, Virginia 22041
Discussion Topic - Global Warming and Ethiopia
Key Note speaker: Dr. Brook Lakew
3:30 - 4:00 Registration and Welcome
4:00 – 4:15 Introduction to Zethiopia Club
- Oobjectives
- Goals
4:15- 4:30 Solomon Worku – Radio Host Zethiopia 1390 AM
- Future Programs
- Information Exchange
- Radio Opportunities
4:30 – 4:40 – Introduction of Dr. Brook Lakew
4:40 – 5:30 Dr. Brook Lakew
- Global Warming and Ethiopia – Big Challenges, Big Opportunities!
5:30 – 6:15 Questions for Dr. Lakew and Interactive Discussion
6:15 – 6:30 Announcements of Upcoming Club
Meetings and Events
6:30 – 6:45 Review of Membership Benefits and Conclusion
Zethiopia Club - Key Note Speaker Dr. Brook Lakew
Dear Zethiopia Club Members:
Dr. Brook Lakew is one of the few scientists privileged to be present on the night of October 15, 1997 at Cape Canaveral, Florida to see the Cassini spacecraft leave its launching pad and begin its long journey to faraway Saturn.
After traveling in space for six years and nine months the spacecraft fired its engine causing it to slow down and successfully insert itself into Saturn’s orbit on July 1, 2004. At that point the spacecraft began sending data it was collecting from the mysterious and beautiful planet, much to the delight of the NASA scientists who had worked on building the spacecraft.
Dr. Lakew had the privilege of being a witness to the launching of the Cassini spacecraft: not as invited guest but because he is one of twelve NASA scientists who contributed to the building of the different and highly sophisticated instruments carried on board the spacecraft.
He is a member of the team that developed the far Infrared detectors carried by CIRS instrument onboard Cassini. The detectors are working perfectly and returning valuable data from the planet. The Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS), measures infrared energy from the surfaces, atmospheres and rings of Saturn and its moons permitting the study of their temperature and composition.
Earlier in his career, Dr. Lakew was involved in the successful Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) mission launched in 1989 which looked back in time to detect the very faint whispers of the Big Bang- an event widely believed to have started the Universe as we know it about 15 billion years ago.
Dr. Lakew is now leading 3 funded projects to build the next generation infrared sensors for future missions to the outer planets of our solar system.
Dr. Lakew, an astrophysicist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt (GSFC) Maryland is married and a father of two. He holds a PhD from the University of Paris (France) and has been working at NASA’s GSFC since 1984.
A true inspiration and pillar of our community, we look to Dr. Lakew to continue to lead by example, mentor our youth – and impact our future. I hope that you find Dr. Lakew’s insights and information regarding Global Warming as fascinating as I do and I welcome you to the Zethiopia Club.
Sincerely,
Dereje Desta
Dr. Brook Lakew is one of the few scientists privileged to be present on the night of October 15, 1997 at Cape Canaveral, Florida to see the Cassini spacecraft leave its launching pad and begin its long journey to faraway Saturn.
After traveling in space for six years and nine months the spacecraft fired its engine causing it to slow down and successfully insert itself into Saturn’s orbit on July 1, 2004. At that point the spacecraft began sending data it was collecting from the mysterious and beautiful planet, much to the delight of the NASA scientists who had worked on building the spacecraft.
Dr. Lakew had the privilege of being a witness to the launching of the Cassini spacecraft: not as invited guest but because he is one of twelve NASA scientists who contributed to the building of the different and highly sophisticated instruments carried on board the spacecraft.
He is a member of the team that developed the far Infrared detectors carried by CIRS instrument onboard Cassini. The detectors are working perfectly and returning valuable data from the planet. The Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS), measures infrared energy from the surfaces, atmospheres and rings of Saturn and its moons permitting the study of their temperature and composition.
Earlier in his career, Dr. Lakew was involved in the successful Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) mission launched in 1989 which looked back in time to detect the very faint whispers of the Big Bang- an event widely believed to have started the Universe as we know it about 15 billion years ago.
Dr. Lakew is now leading 3 funded projects to build the next generation infrared sensors for future missions to the outer planets of our solar system.
Dr. Lakew, an astrophysicist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt (GSFC) Maryland is married and a father of two. He holds a PhD from the University of Paris (France) and has been working at NASA’s GSFC since 1984.
A true inspiration and pillar of our community, we look to Dr. Lakew to continue to lead by example, mentor our youth – and impact our future. I hope that you find Dr. Lakew’s insights and information regarding Global Warming as fascinating as I do and I welcome you to the Zethiopia Club.
Sincerely,
Dereje Desta
Friday, February 8, 2008
ZETHIOPIA CLUB
────────────────────────
You are cordially invited to February’s Zethiopia Club round table discussion.
We are honored to have Dr. Brook Lakew: renowned NASA scientist, as our guest speaker. He will share his insight on the topic of Global Warming and Ethiopia through discussion and a visual presentation.
Global Warming and Ethiopia:
Big Challenges, Big Opportunities!
February 17, 2008
Ibex Restaurant – Skyline Shopping Center
3813 E & F South George Mason Drive
Falls Church, Virginia 22041
3:30 p.m. – 7:00 p.m.
An RSVP is not necessary, but would be appreciated.
rsvp@zethiopia.com or call 202-518-0245
Upon e-mail confirmation you will be sent an agenda outlining discussion goals.
Upcoming Round Table Discussions –
Next Generation Networks and Their Impact
U.S. Immigration Law and Ethiopia.
How is China’s Development in Ethiopia changing the Economy?
Branding Ethiopia – Impact of Effective Commercialization of Culture through Tourism
Ethiopian Economy: Political Corruption and Nepotism
Maintaining Cultural Heritage as Second Generation Ethio-Americans
Repression of Media and Impact on Ethiopia’s Future
How do you create a Self-Sufficient and Self-Sustaining Industry in Ethiopia?
AFRICOM – What does it mean for Ethiopia?
Labeling – How does it affect our ability to communicate and have safe dialogue?
The Zethiopia Club is always interested in your ideas and input. If you have a topic that you would like to bring to the Discussion forums – please let us know.
────────────────────────
You are cordially invited to February’s Zethiopia Club round table discussion.
We are honored to have Dr. Brook Lakew: renowned NASA scientist, as our guest speaker. He will share his insight on the topic of Global Warming and Ethiopia through discussion and a visual presentation.
Global Warming and Ethiopia:
Big Challenges, Big Opportunities!
February 17, 2008
Ibex Restaurant – Skyline Shopping Center
3813 E & F South George Mason Drive
Falls Church, Virginia 22041
3:30 p.m. – 7:00 p.m.
An RSVP is not necessary, but would be appreciated.
rsvp@zethiopia.com or call 202-518-0245
Upon e-mail confirmation you will be sent an agenda outlining discussion goals.
Upcoming Round Table Discussions –
Next Generation Networks and Their Impact
U.S. Immigration Law and Ethiopia.
How is China’s Development in Ethiopia changing the Economy?
Branding Ethiopia – Impact of Effective Commercialization of Culture through Tourism
Ethiopian Economy: Political Corruption and Nepotism
Maintaining Cultural Heritage as Second Generation Ethio-Americans
Repression of Media and Impact on Ethiopia’s Future
How do you create a Self-Sufficient and Self-Sustaining Industry in Ethiopia?
AFRICOM – What does it mean for Ethiopia?
Labeling – How does it affect our ability to communicate and have safe dialogue?
The Zethiopia Club is always interested in your ideas and input. If you have a topic that you would like to bring to the Discussion forums – please let us know.
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